<\/span><\/h4>\nRoom-based air cooling is the most traditional method. Cooling units are typically installed around the perimeter of your data center to regulate the overall room temperature. Common cooling systems include computer room air conditioners (CRAC) and computer room air handlers (CRAH).<\/p>\n
How it works<\/strong>: The cooling device supplies cold air to your entire room and circulates through the server racks. The hot air returns to the cooling unit for cooling. CRACs typically use compressors for direct expansion cooling. CRAH units use chilled water coils to cool the air.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Lower initial investment<\/li>\n
- Simpler design and easy installation<\/li>\n
- Suitable for retrofitting existing spaces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Mixing hot and cold air causes lower efficiency<\/li>\n
- Lower efficiency for high-density racks<\/li>\n
- Higher energy consumption over time<\/li>\n
- Difficult to control airflow precisely<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications<\/strong>: This cooling solution is very suitable for you to apply it in small server rooms, low-density environments or facilities with limited budgets.<\/p>\n<\/span>In-Row Cooling Solution<\/span><\/h4>\nThe in-row cooling system is installed directly in the middle or at both ends of the server rack. This allows the cooling to be closer to the heat source, increasing cooling efficiency. You can combine it with the cold\/heat aisle containment for use.<\/p>\n
How it works<\/strong>: A cooling device captures hot air from adjacent racks and cools it. Then the device returns air to the cold aisle. This can help you minimize air mixing.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Higher energy efficiency than room-based systems<\/li>\n
- Better airflow control and temperature consistency<\/li>\n
- Scalable and modular design<\/li>\n
- Reduction of hot spots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Higher cost than traditional air cooling<\/li>\n
- Require careful layout planning<\/li>\n
- Take up valuable rack space<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications<\/strong>: You can apply this cooling solution in medium-density environments, small or heavy data centers. If you require facilities with higher cooling efficiency without a full redesign, you can use this cooling solution.<\/p>\n<\/span>Rack-Based Cooling Solution<\/span><\/h4>\n![\"Rack-Based](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Rack-Based-Cooling-Solution.jpg\")
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Rack-based cooling solutions are directly integrated into\/connected to a single rack unit. It primarily provides local cooling for your specific equipment. This cooling method for data centers is also called closed-coupled cooling.<\/p>\n
How it works<\/strong>: The cooling unit operates at the rack level. It carries heat away from the source before it spreads into your room.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- High cooling efficiency<\/li>\n
- Precise temperature control<\/li>\n
- Lower complexity with airflow management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Higher operational cost<\/li>\n
- Limited suitability for large-scale deployments<\/li>\n
- Require maintenance across multiple distributed units<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications<\/strong>: Rack-based cooling is suitable for applications in edge data centers, micro data centers, and high-density racks in limited spaces. For a confined, modular environment, a rack-based cooling system is also an ideal choice for you.<\/p>\n<\/span>Liquid Cooling Solutions<\/span><\/h3>\nLiquid cooling is based on the principle that liquids have a higher thermal conductivity and heat capacity than air. Liquid cooling has a higher heat transfer efficiency than air cooling. It enables efficient cooling of high-density racks. And, this reduces the need for airflow and high fan energy consumption in your small data centers.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Rear Door Heat Exchangers(RDHx) Solution<\/span><\/h4>\nHow it works<\/strong>: You need to install a liquid-cooled heat exchanger on the rear door of the server rack. The hot air leaves the rack and passes through a heat exchanger, where the circulating cooling water removes heat.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Easy integration into existing air-cooling settings<\/li>\n
- Achieve minimal changes to IT equipment<\/li>\n
- Reduction of room-level cooling requirements<\/li>\n
- Lower risk (compared to direct liquid systems)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Partially dependent on airflow<\/li>\n
- Limited efficiency (compared to direct chip cooling)<\/li>\n
- Requires chilled water infrastructure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications<\/strong>: This cooling solution is ideal if you can’t modify the airflow organization in a small data center computer room. Also, it can be applied to your medium to high-density racks or projects where modification time is tight.<\/p>\n<\/span>Direct-to-Chip Liquid Cooling\/Cold Plate Cooling Solution<\/span><\/h4>\n![\"Direct-to-Chip](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Direct-to-Chip-Liquid-CoolingCold-Plate-Cooling-Solution.jpg\")
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How it works<\/strong>: Coolant is delivered directly to the cold plate installed on the high-heat component (CPU, GPU). Heat is absorbed and carried away through the loop liquid system. This cooling solution typically requires a coolant distribution unit (CDU) to isolate the primary and secondary sides.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Very high efficiency and precise cooling<\/li>\n
- Support a very high-density rack<\/li>\n
- Reduces server fan usage and energy consumption<\/li>\n
- Lower PUE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Require modified servers<\/li>\n
- Higher initial cost<\/li>\n
- More complex installation and Maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications<\/strong>: This cooling method is suitable for AI workloads and GPU clusters. It can also be applied in high-performance computing and high-density computing data centers.<\/p>\n<\/span>Immersion Cooling Solution<\/span><\/h4>\nHow it works<\/strong>: Immersion cooling requires you to submerge your server in non-conducting liquid. Heat is transferred directly from the component to the liquid, which is then cooled by a heat exchanger. Immersion cooling is divided into single-phase immersion (the liquid remains liquid at all times) and two-phase immersion (the liquid boils and condenses to remove heat).<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Highest cooling efficiency<\/li>\n
- Can handle extremely high densities<\/li>\n
- No fans and airflow management<\/li>\n
- No noise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- High cost and specialized infrastructure<\/li>\n
- Complex maintenance<\/li>\n
- High requirements for customized servers<\/li>\n
- Limited compatibility with standard hardware<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Applications<\/strong>: This cooling method is mostly applied in cutting-edge data centers or data centers with limited space and high-density deployment. For small data centers, it may not be suitable.<\/p>\n<\/span>Free Cooling Solutions<\/span><\/h3>\nFree cooling is one of the most energy-efficient ways to manage heat in small data centers. Free cooling does not rely on mechanical refrigeration, but uses water or air cooled naturally from the outside to dissipate heat. This reduces the energy consumption and running costs of your data center. However, its feasibility depends on local climate conditions.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Direct Air Free Cooling Solution<\/span><\/h4>\nHow it works<\/strong>: Outside cold air is drawn into the data center. The air is used to cool IT equipment after filtration. Then the warm air is removed from the room.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Saving energy<\/li>\n
- Low operating cost<\/li>\n
- No need for compressors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- Requirement for advanced filtration<\/li>\n
- Difficult humidity control<\/li>\n
- Risk of introducing pollutants<\/li>\n
- Not applicable in all climates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Evaporative Cooling Solution<\/span><\/h4>\nHow it works<\/strong>: Cool the air using a water-saturated medium. Evaporation lowers the air temperature before entering the data center.<\/p>\nAvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n- energy efficient<\/li>\n
- Very effective (in dry climate)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong>:<\/p>\n