\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n![\"\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Figure-1-DC-Surge-protective-device.jpg\")
\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 (MOVs) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a (GDTs) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 (MOV) \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/figure-2-DC-surge-protective-working-principle.jpg\")
\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 DC SPD<\/span><\/h2>\n\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 (MOVs)<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0639\u062f MOVs \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 DC SPD \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 DC SPD \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a (GDTs)<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 GDTs \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a DCSPDs \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 DC SPDs \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a DC \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (SADs)<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SAD \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 SAD \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SADs \u0648MOVs \u0648GDTs \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n![\"\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/figure-3-hybrid-surge-protective-device.jpg\")
\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/figure-4-Photovoltaic-surge-protector.jpg\")
\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a DC SPD<\/span><\/h2>\n\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPDs) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPDs):<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 DC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 DC SPD \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 DC SPD \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD DC \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD DC \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n![\"\u0642\u0637\u0639](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/figure-5-DC-SPD-parts.jpg\")
\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 DC SPD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 DC SPD \u0645\u0639 AC SPD<\/span><\/h2>\n\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (SPDs):<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0622\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 DC SPDs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648 AC SPDs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n![\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631](\"http:\/\/www.kdmsteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/figure-6-AC-SPD.jpg\")
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f SPD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 DC SPD<\/span><\/h2>\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n
\n- \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
- \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n
- \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n
- \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
- \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a DC SPD<\/span><\/h2>\n